Feature

RO (Reverse Osmosis)

UF (Ultrafiltration)

Filtration Pore Size

~0.0001 micron

0.001 micron

Removes

Dissolved salts (TDS), heavy metals, fluoride, arsenic, bacteria

Bacteria, cysts, rust, dust, larger particles

Electricity Required

✅ Yes, For low water pressure

❌ No

Water Pressure Requirement

✅ Requires high pressure (pump)

❌ Works with normal tap pressure

Wastewater Produced

✅ Yes (2–3 liters wasted per 1 liter purified)

❌ No wastewater

Minerals Retained

❌ No (removes minerals)

✅ Yes (retains essential minerals)

Output Flow Rate

Slow (1–2 GPM)

Fast 2 GPM depending on design)

Water Taste

May taste flat without remineralization

Natural and fresh

Best For

High TDS water (> 300 ppm), borewell, industrial water

Municipal supply, low TDS (< 300 ppm)

Membrane Life

1–3 years

1–3 years

Filter Change Frequency

Every 6–12 months (pre-filters)

Every 6–12 months

Initial Cost

💰 Higher

💰 Lower

Operating Cost

Moderate to high (electricity + filter replacement)

Low (no electricity, fewer replacements)

Environmentally Friendly

❌ Less (due to water wastage)

✅ More eco-friendly